Frozen Shoulder Explained
WeCovr's guide to frozen shoulder and private physiotherapy options
At WeCovr, we understand how debilitating persistent pain can be. As an FCA-authorised broker that has helped arrange over 750,000 policies across the UK, we know that getting fast, effective treatment is paramount. This guide explains frozen shoulder and how private medical insurance can help you access expert physiotherapy without the long waits.
A frozen shoulder can turn simple daily tasks—like brushing your hair or reaching for a shelf—into painful ordeals. It’s a frustrating and surprisingly common condition that can last for months, or even years. But understanding what's happening in your shoulder is the first step towards getting the right help and reclaiming your quality of life.
What Exactly Is a Frozen Shoulder?
You might hear your doctor call it 'adhesive capsulitis', which sounds complicated, but the concept is fairly simple.
Imagine your shoulder joint is a ball sitting in a socket. This ball and socket are wrapped in a flexible casing of connective tissue called the shoulder capsule. In a healthy shoulder, this capsule is loose and stretchy, allowing you a wide range of movement.
With a frozen shoulder, this capsule becomes inflamed, thick, and tight. Stiff bands of tissue, known as adhesions, start to form. At the same time, the amount of synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint, often decreases. The result? The space inside the joint shrinks, severely restricting your movement and causing significant pain.
It’s not an injury in the traditional sense, like a tear or a break. It's a progressive condition that typically unfolds in three distinct stages.
The Three Stages of a Frozen Shoulder
Understanding the timeline of a frozen shoulder can help you manage your expectations and work with your physiotherapist more effectively. The condition almost always gets better on its own, but this "thawing" process can be incredibly slow without treatment.
Here’s a breakdown of the three phases:
| Stage | Common Name | Typical Duration | Key Symptoms | Main Treatment Goal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | The "Freezing" Stage | 2 to 9 months | Pain is the dominant symptom, especially at night. Stiffness begins to set in, and your range of motion gradually decreases. | Pain management and controlling inflammation. |
| Stage 2 | The "Frozen" Stage | 4 to 12 months | Pain may start to lessen, but stiffness becomes the main problem. Your shoulder's movement is severely limited, affecting daily activities. | Restoring range of motion through gentle, targeted exercises. |
| Stage 3 | The "Thawing" Stage | 5 months to 2 years | The stiffness slowly subsides, and your range of motion gradually returns. The pain continues to fade away. | Continuing to improve movement and build strength to prevent recurrence. |
Without treatment, the entire process can last for up to three years. However, with prompt diagnosis and a dedicated physiotherapy plan—often accessible quickly through private medical insurance in the UK—many people see a significant improvement much faster.
What Causes Frozen Shoulder? Unpacking the Risk Factors
One of the most frustrating things about frozen shoulder is that, in many cases, doctors don't know exactly what causes it to start. When there's no clear cause, it's called 'idiopathic' frozen shoulder.
However, we do know that certain factors can make you more likely to develop it.
Key Risk Factors:
- Age and Gender: It most commonly affects people between 40 and 60 years old and is more prevalent in women than in men.
- Immobility or Reduced Mobility: If you've had to keep your shoulder still for a long time, your risk increases. This could be due to:
- A rotator cuff injury
- A broken arm
- Recovery from surgery (e.g., mastectomy)
- A stroke
- Systemic Diseases: Certain underlying health conditions are strongly linked to frozen shoulder.
- Diabetes: This is the biggest risk factor. According to the NHS, people with diabetes are up to twice as likely to get frozen shoulder, and it can be more severe and harder to treat. The link is thought to be related to glucose molecules attaching to collagen in the shoulder capsule.
- Thyroid Problems: Both an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) and an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) can increase your risk.
- Cardiovascular Disease: Conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels have been linked to a higher incidence.
- Parkinson's Disease: This neurological condition can also be a contributing factor.
Understanding these risk factors is important, as it can help your GP or private consultant make a faster, more accurate diagnosis.
Diagnosing Frozen Shoulder: The NHS vs. Private Route
Getting a correct diagnosis is the crucial first step. The process can look quite different depending on whether you use the NHS or a private pathway funded by your health insurance.
The NHS Pathway
- GP Appointment: You'll start by seeing your GP. They will ask about your symptoms and perform a physical examination, checking both your active range of motion (you moving your arm) and your passive range of motion (them moving your arm). A key sign of frozen shoulder is when both are equally restricted.
- Referral: If your GP suspects frozen shoulder, they will likely recommend pain relief and some basic exercises. If things don't improve, they will refer you to an NHS physiotherapist or an orthopaedic specialist.
- Waiting Times: This is where delays often occur. According to recent NHS England data, waiting times for routine orthopaedic appointments can be many months long. The wait for community physiotherapy can also be substantial, varying by region.
- Diagnostics: While a physical exam is often enough, an X-ray might be ordered to rule out other problems like arthritis or a fracture. An MRI or ultrasound, which shows soft tissues, is less common on the NHS for this condition unless the diagnosis is unclear.
The Private Pathway with PMI
- GP Referral (or Self-Referral): Most private medical insurance policies require a GP referral to ensure the claim is medically necessary. However, some modern plans now offer direct access to services like physiotherapy without needing to see a GP first.
- Fast-Track Specialist Appointment: With private health cover, you can be seeing a consultant orthopaedic specialist in a matter of days or weeks, not months. You get to choose the specialist and the private hospital.
- Advanced Diagnostics: If the consultant wants a clearer picture, they can order an MRI or ultrasound immediately. This happens very quickly in the private sector, often within a week, confirming the diagnosis and ruling out other issues like a rotator cuff tear.
- Prompt Treatment: Once diagnosed, your treatment—primarily physiotherapy—can begin almost straight away. This speed is one of the biggest advantages of private cover.
How Private Medical Insurance Can Help with Frozen Shoulder
This is where the value of a good private health cover policy becomes clear. As frozen shoulder is an acute condition (meaning it's new, curable, and not long-term), it is typically covered by standard UK PMI policies.
Crucial Point on Pre-existing Conditions: It is vital to understand that UK private medical insurance is designed for acute conditions that arise after your policy begins. It does not cover chronic conditions (long-term illnesses like diabetes) or pre-existing conditions (illnesses or symptoms you had before taking out cover). If you have sought advice or treatment for shoulder pain in the years leading up to your policy start date, it will almost certainly be excluded.
WeCovr, as an expert PMI broker, can help you navigate these terms and find a policy with underwriting that suits your medical history.
Here’s how a PMI policy can help you beat frozen shoulder:
- Consultations: Covers the cost of seeing a top private orthopaedic specialist.
- Diagnostics: Pays for any necessary scans like MRI or ultrasound to get a swift, accurate diagnosis.
- Physiotherapy: Most policies include a set number of physiotherapy sessions (or up to a certain financial limit) as part of their outpatient cover. This is the core treatment for frozen shoulder.
- Pain Management: Can cover procedures like steroid injections, which a specialist might recommend to reduce severe pain and inflammation, especially in the "freezing" stage.
- Surgery (in rare cases): If conservative treatments fail after many months, procedures like manipulation under anaesthesia or arthroscopic capsular release may be considered. These would be covered by the inpatient benefits of your policy.
The Central Role of Physiotherapy in Treating Frozen Shoulder
Physiotherapy is not just a helpful add-on; it is the cornerstone of recovery for frozen shoulder. A skilled physiotherapist will create a tailored plan with three main goals:
- Control Pain and Inflammation: In the early stages, the focus is on calming the inflamed joint capsule.
- Restore Range of Motion: As the pain subsides, the physio will introduce exercises to gently stretch the tightened capsule and restore flexibility.
- Improve Strength and Function: In the later stages, the focus shifts to rebuilding strength in the shoulder and surrounding muscles to support the joint and prevent future problems.
What to Expect from Private Physiotherapy
When you use your PMI for physiotherapy, you can expect a premium level of care:
- Initial Assessment: A thorough one-hour session where the physiotherapist assesses your pain levels, measures your exact range of motion, and discusses how the condition impacts your life.
- Personalised Treatment Plan: You won't get a generic sheet of exercises. Your physio will design a programme specific to your stage of frozen shoulder and your personal goals.
- One-on-One Sessions: You get the physio's undivided attention, ensuring you are doing the exercises correctly and safely.
- Manual Therapy: This can include 'hands-on' techniques where the therapist gently mobilises and stretches your shoulder joint to improve movement.
- Progressive Exercises: Your plan will evolve as you recover. You'll start with very gentle pendulum swings and progress to more challenging stretches and strengthening exercises.
- Education: Your physio will explain what's happening in your shoulder and teach you how to manage your symptoms at home, including tips on sleeping positions and modifying daily activities.
The continuity of seeing the same expert therapist, combined with the ability to schedule appointments that fit around your life, makes a huge difference to your recovery journey.
Comparing NHS and Private Treatment for Frozen Shoulder
To make it easier to see the differences, here’s a side-by-side comparison of the two pathways.
| Feature | NHS Pathway | Private Pathway (with PMI) |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Access | Wait for a GP appointment. | GP appointment (or direct access on some plans). |
| Specialist Referral | Potential wait of many months for an orthopaedic consultant. | See a specialist of your choice within days or weeks. |
| Diagnostic Scans | Often not used unless diagnosis is uncertain; can involve long waits. | MRI/Ultrasound arranged within a week if needed. |
| Start of Physio | Wait for a space in NHS community physiotherapy; group sessions possible. | Start one-on-one physiotherapy almost immediately after diagnosis. |
| Choice & Flexibility | Limited choice of hospital or specialist. Appointments during standard hours. | Full choice of recognised specialists and hospitals. Flexible appointment times. |
| Treatment Environment | NHS hospital or clinic. | Private hospital with private room, ensuite facilities, and other comforts. |
| Cost | Free at the point of use. | Covered by your monthly insurance premium (and any excess). |
Can I Get Health Insurance for a Pre-existing Frozen Shoulder?
This is one of the most common questions we hear, and the answer requires careful explanation. Standard private medical insurance in the UK does not cover pre-existing conditions.
A "pre-existing condition" is any disease, illness, or injury for which you have experienced symptoms, received medication, or sought advice from a medical professional before your policy's start date.
If you have a history of shoulder pain, stiffness, or have already been diagnosed with frozen shoulder, it will be excluded from a new policy. There are two main ways insurers handle this:
- Moratorium Underwriting: This is the most common type. The policy automatically excludes any condition you've had in the last 5 years. However, if you go for a set period (usually 2 years) without any symptoms, treatment, or advice for that condition after your policy starts, the exclusion may be lifted.
- Full Medical Underwriting (FMU): You declare your full medical history upfront. The insurer will review it and state precisely what is and isn't covered from day one. They will explicitly exclude your previous shoulder problems.
The key takeaway is that PMI is for future, unforeseen health issues. It's there to provide peace of mind that if you develop a new acute condition like frozen shoulder down the line, you'll be covered for swift, high-quality care.
Lifestyle and Wellness Tips for Managing Shoulder Pain
While professional treatment is essential, there are many things you can do to support your recovery and manage the discomfort of a frozen shoulder.
Diet and Nutrition
An anti-inflammatory diet may help to manage the background inflammation. Focus on:
- Oily fish: Salmon, mackerel, and sardines are rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
- Leafy greens: Spinach, kale, and broccoli.
- Berries and citrus fruits: High in antioxidants and vitamin C.
- Nuts and seeds: Almonds, walnuts, and flaxseeds.
- Turmeric and ginger: These spices are known for their anti-inflammatory properties.
Gentle Activity
The old advice was to rest completely, but we now know that's counterproductive. The key is gentle movement within your pain-free range.
- Avoid: Heavy lifting, sudden movements, and activities that cause sharp pain.
- Embrace: The specific exercises your physiotherapist gives you. Consistency is more important than intensity.
- Daily life: Use your unaffected arm for heavy tasks, but try to use your affected arm for light activities like using a keyboard or eating, to encourage movement.
Sleep and Comfort
Sleeping can be very difficult with a frozen shoulder.
- Positioning: Try sleeping on your back with a pillow under your affected arm to keep it in a supported, neutral position. If you sleep on your side, sleep on the good side with a pillow in front of you to rest your affected arm on.
- Pain Relief: Taking pain relief medication recommended by your doctor about 30-60 minutes before bed can help.
WeCovr’s Added Benefits: More Than Just Insurance
We believe in supporting our clients' overall health and wellbeing. When you arrange a policy through WeCovr, you get more than just first-class health cover.
- Complimentary Access to CalorieHero: All our clients get free access to our AI-powered calorie and nutrition tracking app, CalorieHero. Managing your weight is important for overall health and can reduce the load on your joints, which is particularly relevant for conditions like diabetes that are linked to frozen shoulder.
- Discounts on Other Policies: When you take out a private medical or life insurance policy with us, we offer exclusive discounts on other types of cover you might need, helping you protect your family and finances for less.
Our clients consistently give us high satisfaction ratings because we go the extra mile, acting as your partner in health.
How to Choose the Best PMI Provider for Musculoskeletal Cover
When comparing private medical insurance UK providers, it's important to look at the details of their musculoskeletal cover. A good PMI broker like WeCovr can do this for you at no cost.
Here's what to look for:
| Key Feature | What to Look For | Why It Matters for Frozen Shoulder |
|---|---|---|
| Outpatient Cover | A generous limit (e.g., £1,000, £1,500, or unlimited). | This covers your specialist consultations, diagnostic scans, and most importantly, your physiotherapy sessions. |
| Therapies Cover | Check that physiotherapy is explicitly included and note the session or financial limits. | This is the core treatment, so you need to ensure the cover is adequate for a full course of therapy. |
| Hospital List | Ensure the list includes high-quality private hospitals and clinics near you. | This gives you convenient access to the best facilities and specialists. |
| GP Referral Options | Look for plans that offer virtual GPs or direct access to therapies. | This can speed up the process of getting diagnosed and starting treatment even further. |
| Excess Level | Choose an excess you are comfortable paying. | A higher excess will lower your monthly premium, but you'll have to pay that amount towards your first claim. |
The UK's leading PMI providers—like Bupa, AXA Health, Aviva, and Vitality—all offer excellent cover for conditions like frozen shoulder. The "best" one depends entirely on your individual needs and budget. Our job at WeCovr is to compare the whole market for you and present the most suitable, cost-effective options.
Is frozen shoulder covered by private medical insurance?
Do I need a GP referral to see a private physiotherapist for my shoulder?
Can I get private health cover if I've had shoulder pain before?
Take the Next Step to Peace of Mind
Don't let the prospect of long waits and debilitating pain hold you back. With the right private health cover, you can access the expert care you need to diagnose and treat a frozen shoulder quickly and effectively.
At WeCovr, our friendly, expert advisors are here to help. We'll take the time to understand your needs, compare policies from all the UK's leading insurers, and find you the perfect cover at a competitive price—all with no obligation and no fee for our service.
Get your free, no-obligation quote today and see how affordable peace of mind can be.
Why private medical insurance and how does it work?
What is Private Medical Insurance?
Private medical insurance (PMI) is a type of health insurance that provides access to private healthcare services in the UK. It covers the cost of private medical treatment, allowing you to bypass NHS waiting lists and receive faster, more convenient care.How does it work?
Private medical insurance works by paying for your private healthcare costs. When you need treatment, you can choose to go private and your insurance will cover the costs, subject to your policy terms and conditions. This can include:• Private consultations with specialists
• Private hospital treatment and surgery
• Diagnostic tests and scans
• Physiotherapy and rehabilitation
• Mental health treatment
Your premium depends on factors like your age, health, occupation, and the level of cover you choose. Most policies offer different levels of cover, from basic to comprehensive, allowing you to tailor the policy to your needs and budget.
Questions to ask yourself regarding private medical insurance
Just ask yourself:👉 Are you concerned about NHS waiting times for treatment?
👉 Would you prefer to choose your own consultant and hospital?
👉 Do you want faster access to diagnostic tests and scans?
👉 Would you like private hospital accommodation and better food?
👉 Do you want to avoid the stress of NHS waiting lists?
Many people don't realise that private medical insurance is more affordable than they think, especially when you consider the value of faster treatment and better facilities. A great insurance policy can provide peace of mind and ensure you receive the care you need when you need it.
Benefits offered by private medical insurance
Private medical insurance provides numerous benefits that can significantly improve your healthcare experience and outcomes:Faster Access to Treatment
One of the biggest advantages is avoiding NHS waiting lists. While the NHS provides excellent care, waiting times can be lengthy. With private medical insurance, you can often receive treatment within days or weeks rather than months.
Choice of Consultant and Hospital
You can choose your preferred consultant and hospital, giving you more control over your healthcare journey. This is particularly important for complex treatments where you want a specific specialist.
Better Facilities and Accommodation
Private hospitals typically offer superior facilities, including private rooms, better food, and more comfortable surroundings. This can make your recovery more pleasant and potentially faster.
Advanced Treatments
Private medical insurance often covers treatments and medications not available on the NHS, giving you access to the latest medical advances and technologies.
Mental Health Support
Many policies include comprehensive mental health coverage, providing faster access to therapy and psychiatric care when needed.
Tax Benefits for Business Owners
If you're self-employed or a business owner, private medical insurance premiums can be tax-deductible, making it a cost-effective way to protect your health and your business.
Peace of Mind
Knowing you have access to private healthcare when you need it provides invaluable peace of mind, especially for those with ongoing health conditions or concerns about NHS capacity.
Private medical insurance is particularly valuable for those who want to take control of their healthcare journey and ensure they receive the best possible treatment when they need it most.
Important Fact!
We can look at a more suitable option mid-term!
Why is it important to get private medical insurance early?
👉 Many people are very thankful that they had their private medical insurance cover in place before running into some serious health issues. Private medical insurance is as important as life insurance for protecting your family's finances.👉 We insure our cars, houses, and even our phones! Yet our health is the most precious thing we have.
Easily one of the most important insurance purchases an individual or family can make in their lifetime, the decision to buy private medical insurance can be made much simpler with the help of FCA-authorised advisers. They are the specialists who do the searching and analysis helping people choose between various types of private medical insurance policies available in the market, including different levels of cover and policy types most suitable to the client's individual circumstances.
It certainly won't do any harm if you speak with one of our experienced insurance experts who are passionate about advising people on financial matters related to private medical insurance and are keen to provide you with a free consultation.
You can discuss with them in detail what affordable private medical insurance plan for the necessary peace of mind they would recommend! WeCovr works with some of the best advisers in the market.
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