As an FCA-authorised expert with over 750,000 policies arranged, WeCovr helps UK consumers navigate the complexities of private medical insurance. This guide explores DEXA scans, a key diagnostic tool, explaining their purpose, how to access them, and crucially, how they are covered by private health insurance in the UK.
Learn what a DEXA scan is, why it's used, and PMI coverage
A DEXA scan is a powerful imaging test used to measure bone density and body composition. While it's a vital tool for diagnosing conditions like osteoporosis, understanding when and how it's covered by private medical insurance (PMI) can be confusing. This article breaks down everything you need to know, from the science behind the scan to the practicalities of insurance coverage.
What Exactly is a DEXA Scan?
DEXA stands for Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. It's a highly accurate type of medical scan that uses two low-dose X-ray beams to measure the density of your bones.
Think of it as a very precise, specialised X-ray. While a standard X-ray is excellent at showing fractures, a DEXA scan provides detailed information about the internal strength and mineral content of your bones. The procedure is quick, non-invasive, and completely painless. You simply lie on a padded table while a scanning arm passes over your body. The entire process usually takes between 10 to 20 minutes.
How is a DEXA Scan Different from an MRI or CT Scan?
It's easy to get imaging tests confused. Here’s a simple breakdown:
Scan Type | How it Works | Best For | Radiation Dose |
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DEXA Scan | Two low-dose X-ray beams | Measuring bone mineral density and body composition. | Very Low |
Standard X-ray | Single X-ray beam | Detecting fractures, infections, and some tumours in bones. | Low |
CT Scan | Multiple X-ray beams from different angles | Creating detailed cross-sectional images of bones, organs, and tissues. | Higher |
MRI Scan | Powerful magnets and radio waves | Imaging soft tissues like ligaments, muscles, and the brain. | None |
The key takeaway is that DEXA is the gold standard for assessing bone health and the risk of fractures due to osteoporosis.
The Primary Uses of DEXA Scans: A Closer Look
DEXA technology has two main applications in the UK: diagnosing bone conditions and analysing body composition for health and fitness.
Assessing Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk
The most common reason for a DEXA scan is to test for osteoporosis.
What is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. It develops slowly over several years and is often only diagnosed when a fall or sudden impact causes a bone to fracture.
According to the Royal Osteoporosis Society, over 3.5 million people in the UK are living with the condition. Staggeringly, one in two women and one in five men over the age of 50 will suffer a fracture, primarily due to poor bone health.
A DEXA scan measures your Bone Mineral Density (BMD). The results are then compared to the average BMD of a healthy young adult and someone of your own age and gender.
Your results are given as a T-score and a Z-score:
- T-score: Compares your bone density to that of a healthy 30-year-old. This is the main score used to diagnose osteoporosis.
- Z-score: Compares your bone density to the average for someone of your age, sex, and ethnicity.
T-Score Result | What It Means |
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-1.0 or above | Your bone density is considered normal. |
Between -1.0 and -2.5 | You have low bone mass, known as osteopenia. |
-2.5 or below | You have osteoporosis. |
This simple score helps doctors predict your risk of a fracture and decide on the best course of action, which might include lifestyle changes or medication.
Monitoring Body Composition for Health and Fitness
Beyond bone health, a DEXA scan is also the most accurate way to measure body composition. While a standard scale only tells you your total weight, a body composition DEXA scan breaks it down into:
- Lean Muscle Mass: The weight of your muscles.
- Fat Mass: The total amount of fat in your body.
- Bone Mass: The weight of your skeleton.
This type of scan provides incredibly valuable data, including:
- Total Body Fat Percentage: A far more accurate indicator of health than Body Mass Index (BMI).
- Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT): This is the dangerous fat stored around your internal organs in the abdomen. High levels of VAT are strongly linked to chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.
- Muscle and Fat Distribution: The scan shows exactly where you store fat and build muscle, helping to identify imbalances.
This information is invaluable for:
- Athletes: To optimise training and nutrition for peak performance.
- Weight Management: To track fat loss and muscle gain accurately, ensuring you're losing the right kind of weight.
- General Health: To identify risks like high visceral fat or sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss) early on.
How to Get a DEXA Scan in the UK: NHS vs. Private Routes
There are two main ways to get a DEXA scan in the UK: through the National Health Service (NHS) or by paying for it privately.
The NHS Pathway
To get a DEXA scan on the NHS, you will need a referral from your GP. The NHS typically offers scans to people considered to be at a higher risk of osteoporosis. Key risk factors include:
- Having had a fracture after a minor fall or injury.
- Being a woman over 65 or a man over 75.
- Having a family history of osteoporosis, particularly a hip fracture in a parent.
- Taking certain medications, such as long-term steroid tablets.
- Having other medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease, or an overactive thyroid.
- Being a woman who had an early menopause (before age 45).
While the care is excellent, one potential drawback can be waiting times. According to NHS England statistics, waiting times for diagnostic tests can vary significantly by region and demand.
The Private Pathway
You can also choose to self-fund a DEXA scan at a private hospital or clinic.
The benefits of going private include:
- Speed and Convenience: You can often book an appointment within days, at a time that suits you.
- No Referral Needed (for some services): For body composition scans, a GP referral is usually not required. For diagnostic bone density scans, a referral may still be needed depending on the clinic's policy.
- Wider Access: Anyone can book a scan for wellness or fitness purposes, which isn't an option on the NHS.
The cost of a private DEXA scan can vary, but here are some typical price ranges for 2025:
Type of DEXA Scan | Typical Private Cost (UK) |
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Bone Density Scan (Osteoporosis) | £150 – £350 |
Body Composition Scan | £125 – £250 |
Combined Scan (Bone & Body) | £200 – £400 |
These prices usually include the scan itself and a detailed report from a radiographer or consultant.
Does Private Medical Insurance Cover DEXA Scans?
This is the most important question for many, and the answer requires understanding the fundamental principle of private medical insurance UK.
PMI is designed to cover the diagnosis and treatment of acute conditions that arise after you take out your policy.
What does this mean?
- Acute Condition: A disease, illness, or injury that is likely to respond quickly to treatment and lead to a full recovery (e.g., a joint injury, appendicitis, or diagnosing the cause of new symptoms).
- Chronic Condition: A condition that is long-lasting and often has no cure. It can be managed but not resolved (e.g., diabetes, asthma, or diagnosed osteoporosis).
- Pre-existing Condition: Any illness or injury you had symptoms of, or received advice or treatment for, before your policy started.
Crucially, standard UK private health cover does not cover pre-existing conditions or the routine monitoring and management of chronic conditions.
When Might PMI Cover a DEXA Scan?
Your PMI policy is likely to cover a DEXA scan when it is part of the diagnostic process for a new, acute condition. A specialist consultant must deem the scan medically necessary to figure out what is wrong.
Real-Life Example:
- Scenario: A 55-year-old woman with no prior history of bone issues has a fall. She experiences persistent, severe pain in her hip that doesn't resolve. Her GP refers her to a private orthopaedic consultant through her PMI policy.
- Action: The consultant suspects a possible stress fracture or sudden-onset bone weakness. To get a clear diagnosis, they request a DEXA scan.
- Outcome: In this case, the PMI provider will almost certainly cover the cost of the consultation and the DEXA scan because it is an essential step in diagnosing the cause of new, acute symptoms.
What is Typically NOT Covered by PMI?
There are several scenarios where a DEXA scan will almost certainly be excluded from your policy:
- Screening and Preventative Checks: If you have no symptoms but want a scan "just in case" or as part of a general health check-up, this is considered screening and is not covered by standard PMI.
- Lifestyle or Fitness Scans: A DEXA body composition scan to track your fitness progress, muscle gain, or fat loss is a lifestyle choice and will be excluded.
- Monitoring a Pre-existing or Chronic Condition: If you were diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis before you took out your policy, any future DEXA scans to monitor the condition will be excluded as both pre-existing and chronic.
PMI Coverage for DEXA Scans: A Simple Guide
Scenario | Likely Covered by PMI? | Why? |
---|
Diagnosing unexplained pain after an injury | Yes | Part of a specialist-led diagnostic pathway for a new, acute condition. |
Body composition scan for a new diet plan | No | Considered a lifestyle/wellness choice, not medically necessary for an acute condition. |
Annual scan for known osteoporosis | No | This is routine monitoring of a chronic and pre-existing condition. |
Investigating bone health due to a new, covered condition | Yes | If a new, covered illness (e.g., a hormonal disorder) requires a DEXA scan for diagnosis, it would likely be covered. |
Finding the Right Private Health Cover for Your Needs
Navigating the details of what is and isn't covered can feel overwhelming. The level of diagnostic cover is one of the most important features of any private health insurance policy.
Policies are often tiered:
- Basic: May have limits on diagnostics or only cover them if you are admitted to hospital (inpatient).
- Mid-Range: Usually offers a good level of outpatient cover, which would include specialist consultations and diagnostic tests like DEXA scans, up to an annual limit (e.g., £1,000).
- Comprehensive: Typically offers unlimited or very high limits for outpatient diagnostics, providing the most complete peace of mind.
This is where using an expert PMI broker is invaluable. An independent broker like WeCovr can help you cut through the jargon. We compare policies from all the leading UK providers—including Aviva, Bupa, AXA Health, and Vitality—to find a plan that matches your specific needs and budget. Our advice is impartial, and our service comes at no extra cost to you.
A Holistic Approach to Bone and Body Health
While a DEXA scan is a fantastic measurement tool, true health comes from proactive, daily habits. Taking care of your bones and body composition is a lifelong journey.
Diet for Strong Bones and a Healthy Body
- Calcium: This is the main building block of bone. Excellent sources include milk, cheese, yoghurt, leafy greens (like kale), and calcium-fortified foods like bread and plant-based milks.
- Vitamin D: Often called the "sunshine vitamin," Vitamin D is essential for helping your body absorb calcium. In the UK, sunlight is only strong enough from April to September. During autumn and winter, the NHS recommends most people consider a daily 10-microgram supplement. Oily fish, red meat, and egg yolks are also good food sources.
- Balanced Nutrition: A diet rich in protein is vital for muscle maintenance, while plenty of fruits and vegetables provides essential vitamins and minerals. To help you stay on track, WeCovr customers get complimentary access to our AI-powered nutrition app, CalorieHero, which makes tracking your intake simple and effective.
The Role of Exercise
Exercise not only builds muscle but also strengthens bones. The best types are:
- Weight-Bearing Exercise with Impact: These are exercises where you support your own body weight. Examples include jogging, brisk walking, dancing, aerobics, and tennis. The impact stimulates your bones to grow stronger.
- Resistance Exercise: This involves working your muscles against resistance. Examples include lifting weights, using resistance bands, or bodyweight exercises like push-ups and squats.
Lifestyle Factors
- Smoking and Alcohol: Both are known to be detrimental to bone health. Smoking can reduce the blood supply to the bones, while excessive alcohol consumption can interfere with the body's ability to absorb calcium.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being underweight can increase your risk of osteoporosis, while being significantly overweight puts extra strain on your joints and is often linked to higher visceral fat.
By purchasing your PMI or Life Insurance policy through WeCovr, you may also be eligible for discounts on other types of cover, helping you protect your health and finances in a holistic way.
Do I need a GP referral for a private DEXA scan?
It depends. If you want to use your private medical insurance to pay for the scan, you will almost certainly need a referral from a specialist consultant, who you would typically see after a GP referral. If you are self-funding the scan, many private clinics allow you to book directly without a referral, especially for body composition scans.
Is a DEXA scan safe?
Yes, a DEXA scan is considered very safe. It uses a very low dose of radiation—significantly less than a standard chest X-ray and even less than the natural background radiation you're exposed to on a transatlantic flight. The procedure is not suitable for women who are or might be pregnant.
Will my private health cover pay for a DEXA scan if I just want to check my body fat?
Generally, no. Standard private medical insurance in the UK does not cover tests for lifestyle, wellness, or screening purposes. A body composition scan for fitness tracking falls into this category and would need to be self-funded. PMI is for diagnosing and treating new, acute medical conditions.
How can a PMI broker like WeCovr help me find the right policy?
An expert PMI broker like WeCovr acts as your advocate. We use our market knowledge to compare policies from leading UK insurers to find the one with the right level of cover, especially for diagnostics, that fits your budget. We explain the complex terms, handle the application, and provide ongoing support, all at no cost to you. Our high customer satisfaction ratings reflect our commitment to finding the best possible outcome for our clients.
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